HMPV infection not new, no cause for alarm: Centre

Context: The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been in circulation globally, even in
India, the Health Ministry said on Monday, while stating that none of those infected
in India have any travel history and all are recovering well. The clarification
came after the infection was confirmed in two infants in Karnataka and one in Gujarat.
Health experts have clarified that the HMPV is not a new virus. It was first
identified in 2001, and it has been circulating in the world for many years. Agencies
in India are closely watching the situation in China and neighbouring countries
and the World Health Organization had taken cognisance of the situation.

Key points

·       Overview: China is
undergoing an upsurge in respiratory diseases, with human metapneumovirus
(HMPV) emerging as a key concern.

·       Human
Metapneumovirus: It is a respiratory virus that causes mild
infections similar to that caused by a common cold. It can cause both upper and
lower respiratory tract infections and is generally seen in winter and early
spring.

Signs and
symptoms - Symptoms can resemble those caused by a common cold. They include a
cough, runny or blocked nose, sore, throat, fever and wheezing. The estimated
incubation period is three to six days.

Transmission - It spreads
through contact with an infected person or touching objects that have the virus
on them.

Treatment - There is no
vaccine and there is no specific antiviral to treat HMPV. Most people require
over-the-counter medications to relieve fever and pain, possibly with a
decongestant. Antibiotics will not work for HMPV.

·       Current
Scenario in India: As of January 6, 2025, India has reported three
confirmed cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV); two in Karnataka and one in
Gujarat. These cases were identified through routine surveillance by the Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Despite these detections, the Union Health
Ministry has stated that there is no unusual surge in Influenza-Like Illness
(ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) cases nationwide.

·       HMPV
Virus Outbreak: In China - Recently, a surge in HMPV cases
was reported in China, with hospitals witnessing an increase in respiratory
illnesses caused by the virus.

In India - Three confirmed
cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) have been reported in India.

Global Concerns
-
HMPV outbreaks often occur in late winter and spring, posing a threat to
healthcare systems, especially during pandemics like COVID-19.

·       Preventive
Measures: Hygiene Practices - Wash hands frequently with soap and water. Use
alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

Respiratory
Etiquette - Cover your mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing.

Isolation - Avoid close
contact with infected individuals.

Surface Cleaning
-
Disinfect commonly touched surfaces like doorknobs and toys.

Protect Vulnerable Groups - Vaccinate
against other respiratory illnesses to reduce overall risk.