Indian researchers develop injectable hydrogel for targeted cancer treatment

Context: Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati (IIT-G) and
the Bose Institute, Kolkata have developed an advanced injectable hydrogel for localised
cancer treatment. A statement issued by the IIT-G said this hydrogel serves as
a stable reservoir for anti-cancer drugs, releasing it in a controlled manner
while sparing healthy cells from harm. The findings of the research, expected
to be revolutionary for breast cancer therapy. This work exemplifies how
scientific innovation can address the pressing needs of cancer treatment. The
hydrogel’s properties allow it to work harmoniously with the biological environment,
offering precision.

Key points

·       Hydrogel: The hydrogel is
a three-dimensional polymer network that is water-based. It is designed to
absorb and retain fluids, mimicking living tissues. This unique structure makes
it suitable for various biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery
systems.

·       Composition
of the Hydrogel: The hydrogel is composed of ultra-short peptides,
which are biocompatible and biodegradable protein building blocks. Its
formulation ensures that it remains insoluble in biological fluids, allowing it
to stay localised at the injection site.

·       Mechanism
of Action: The hydrogel is engineered to respond to elevated levels of glutathione
(GSH), a molecule commonly found in tumour cells. When the hydrogel encounters
high GSH levels, it triggers a controlled release of the chemotherapy drug
directly into the tumour, minimising interaction with healthy tissues and
reducing systemic side effects.

·       Efficacy
in Preclinical Trials: In preclinical trials involving a murine model of
breast cancer, the hydrogel demonstrated remarkable efficacy. A single
injection containing the chemotherapy drug Doxorubicin resulted in
approximately 75% reduction in tumour size within just 18 days.

·       Advantages
Over Traditional Treatments: This hydrogel delivery system enhances drug
effectiveness while reducing the required dosage, which helps to minimise
toxicity. It improves drug uptake by cancer cells, induces cell cycle arrest,
and promotes programmed cell death, attacking tumours on multiple fronts.

·       Future
Implications of the Research: The researchers believe this hydrogel could
change the landscape of cancer treatment. The ability to deliver drugs
precisely to the tumour site while sparing healthy cells may lead to improved
patient outcomes and fewer side effects compared to conventional therapies. The
innovative approach exemplifies how scientific advancements can address
critical healthcare challenges.